fast moving cars on an expressway between green trees
Future Care, Something Else, System Transformation

Beyond the Off-Ramp, part 1

Beyond the Off-Ramp: Notes Toward a Regenerative Culture

The Off-Ramp Is Not the Destination

Systems thinking is the beginning of cultural change, not the end

The journey led me to dynamic governance (or sociocracy). It also had me asking questions about the limits of permaculture. I began to wonder about other systems thinking tools. I started talking about both permaculture and dynamic governance as off-ramps from the destructive systems our current civilization engages in. But that led to the obvious question—off ramp to where? 

fast moving cars on an expressway between green trees

If you had asked me that question in the middle of my own permaculture design course, I would have said that just implementing permaculture as I imagined it was enough. After decades of teaching permaculture, I have worked in permaculture groups. I have seen the unhealed, personal patterns people bring to those projects. I know this is just the beginning of the off ramp. It is not the destination. 

I watch people new to permaculture or sociocracy. They become inspired by a new structure. Then, they transfer all their old dysfunction into it. I believe in these frameworks and tools. I teach them. I will keep teaching them.

And I think we need to be honest about what they are and what they aren’t.

Let me say it another way. Permaculture and sociocracy are off-ramps. They have cousins in the broader ecosystem of regenerative design, nonviolent communication, restorative justice, and conscious governance. They are ways of exiting the highway of extractive, hierarchical, disconnected culture. That is no small thing. Finding an off-ramp when you’ve been speeding toward a cliff is lifesaving. But an off-ramp is not a home. It’s a transition. And we do ourselves harm when we mistake the exit for the destination.

———

There’s a seduction to systems thinking that I’ve felt in myself and watched in others. When you discover that ecosystems don’t produce waste, you realize that everything is connected to everything else. When you understand that seven layers of a food forest can emerge from one coherent design logic, something in you exhales. This is the answer. When you discover that organizations can make decisions without ego-driven need or domination, you feel a revelation. A circle structure can distribute power without dissolving accountability. You want to give it to everyone, immediately, like medicine.

peach blossoms

The problem isn’t that these tools are wrong. They’re moving in the right direction. But there are other needs that arise as we exit the highway. One problem is that a framework, no matter how elegant, cannot metabolize grief. A design principle cannot teach you to feel the soil under your feet as something you belong to rather than something you manage. A governance structure cannot tell you who you are when the old story of progress and separation finally collapses.

Systems thinking tells us how. It is largely silent on the question of what lies underneath it all.

———

I’ve watched permaculture projects fail. Rarely because the design was bad (and let’s admit that no design is perfect). Almost always it is because the people couldn’t stay in relationship with each other, with the land, with the uncertainty of a living system that doesn’t follow a plan. I’ve hesitated to do design work where the client doesn’t come to OWN the work themselves. It’s their relationship to the land they care for that matters more than anything else. 

I’ve also watched sociocracy implementations that created beautifully documented circles and domains. Then they were filled with the same unexamined power dynamics. There was the same avoidance of hard conversations. The organization experienced the same ungrieved losses that had haunted them for years. The container changed. What was held inside it did not.

This isn’t a critique of the tools. It’s an observation about what the tools cannot do alone.

What they cannot do alone is give us back a felt sense of belonging — not belonging to a movement or a philosophy, but to place and to a people. To a specific piece of land whose seasonal rhythms shape your body. To a watershed you can name. To the non-human community that was here before any of us and will be here, in some form, after. Mainstream culture teaches us that people cannot be trusted. It tells us that we can pick up and move at any time. It also suggests that no relationship is permanent. I’m not saying don’t have boundaries—that would be hypocritical of me and unhealthy. But I am saying we’ve learned to not trust people. In my experience, working with people in Sociocracy for All has been incredible. It has taught me how to have hard conversations and build trust.

This is the thing that got lost long before our governance structures went wrong. The extractive economy didn’t begin with capitalism. It began, many would argue, with the severing of that felt connection — the story that told us we were separate from, rather than embedded in, the living world. Every system we’ve built since has been downstream of that wound.

———

So what does the road ahead look like — the one these off-ramps lead to? I want to be careful here, because I think the impulse to design it in advance is itself part of the old pattern. We cannot permaculture our way to a living culture. We cannot sociocracy our way to belonging. These are things that grow, not things that are built. 

But we can begin to think about the conditions that allow them to grow. One important condition, I believe, is understanding how people adapt their society and their culture. It’s not about how we wish change worked; it’s about how it has always worked throughout human history.

That’s what the next post in this series is about.

This is the first in a three-part series written in preparation for the Global Earth Repair Conference.

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Earth Care, Future Care, People Care, Something Else

Go back to the fundamentals…

This quote seems more applicable today than ever before:

“Though the problems of the world are increasingly complex,
the solutions remain embarrassingly simple.”

― Bill Mollison

In the 20 years since my own permaculture design course, I am reminded again and again to return to the basics of permaculture design. It’s the “chop wood, carry water” kind of simplicity that I find comforting.

Permaculture offers a holistic approach to thriving and living that extends far beyond gardening. At its core are three foundational ethics that guide all permaculture practices: Care for the Earth, Care for People, and Care for the Future (often called “Fair Share” or “Return of Surplus”). Within this ethical framework, there are some key practices.

Care for the Earth

The first ethic recognizes our responsibility to protect and nurture natural ecosystems. This ethic is first because without it, we cannot meet any of the other needs.

  • Am I improving the life in the soil around me?
  • Am I increasing the biodiversity and capacity of the Earth around me to sustain itself?
  • Do I know how to use the plants and resources around me sustainably to meet me own needs?

Building Healthy Soil

Healthy soil is the foundation of all permaculture systems. This involves:

  • Composting organic matter to create nutrient-rich humus
  • Practicing no-till or minimal tillage techniques to preserve soil structure
  • Using mulch to protect soil, retain moisture, and suppress weeds
  • Incorporating diverse microorganisms through compost teas and biofertilizers

Creating Biodiversity

Biodiversity creates resilient ecosystems that resist pests and disease:

  • Planting polycultures rather than monocultures
  • Including native plants that support local wildlife
  • Creating habitat for beneficial insects, birds, and other organisms including water features and nesting spaces.
  • Establishing food forests with multiple vegetation layers

Water Conservation and Management

Water-wise practices include:

  • Capturing and storing rainwater through swales, ponds, and tanks
  • Using drip irrigation and other efficient watering methods
  • Designing landscapes that slow, spread, and sink water
  • Creating microclimates that reduce evaporation and water needs

Care for People

The second ethic focuses on meeting human needs sustainably and equitably.

  • Am I caring for my own well-being? We’ve inherited a number of stressors in our lives and between generations. It is important for us to act from a place of rest and capacity.
  • How am I doing at caring for my family?
  • My community and the communities I interact with?

Sustainable Shelter

Human habitation can be designed to work with nature. Most likely we will be adapting existing structures. Whenever possible, we want to be:

  • Building with natural, local, and low-impact materials
  • Designing passive solar homes that require minimal external energy
  • Integrating living spaces with productive landscapes
  • Creating comfortable microclimates through strategic planting

Food (and Water) Security and Sovereignty

Access to healthy food and clean water is a fundamental human right:

  • Growing diverse, nutritious foods using organic methods
  • Saving and sharing seeds to preserve genetic diversity
  • Creating food systems that require minimal external inputs
  • Teaching food production, preservation, and preparation skills

Community Building

Strong communities are resilient communities:

  • Establishing community gardens and food forests
  • Creating skill-sharing networks and workshops
  • Fostering intergenerational knowledge transfer
  • Supporting local economies through farmers’ markets and CSAs

Care for the Future

The third ethic acknowledges our responsibility to future generations and the equitable distribution of resources.

Reducing Waste and Closing Loops

Creating systems where “waste” becomes a resource:

  • Practicing the 5 Rs: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle
  • Converting “waste” streams into useful products (humanure, greywater systems)
  • Designing for durability and repairability
  • Implementing regenerative practices that build rather than deplete resources

Energy Conservation and Renewable Sources

Moving beyond fossil fuels:

  • Maximizing energy efficiency in homes and systems
  • Using appropriate renewable technologies like solar, wind, and micro-hydro
  • Designing systems that require minimal energy inputs
  • Creating energy storage solutions for resilience

Seed Saving and Heritage Preservation

Safeguarding biological and cultural heritage:

  • Maintaining seed libraries of open-pollinated varieties
  • Documenting traditional ecological knowledge
  • Passing down sustainable practices to younger generations
  • Protecting land through conservation easements and trusts

Integration Through Design

What makes permaculture unique is how these practices are woven together through thoughtful design. Permaculture design principles—like obtaining a yield, using and valuing diversity, and catching and storing energy—provide the framework for implementing these ethics in practical ways.

The most effective permaculture systems address all three ethics simultaneously. For example, a well-designed food forest cares for the earth by building soil and creating habitat, cares for people by providing nutritious food and medicine, and cares for the future by sequestering carbon, cleaning water, and preserving biodiversity.

By centering these three ethics in our design decisions, permaculture offers a pathway toward truly sustainable and regenerative living that benefits all life on Earth—now and for generations to come.

So, at the end of the day, I look at what I have accomplished. Is the soil a little better today? Is there capacity to hold water appropriately in the landscape? Did I see a new species or old friends? Did I harvest something from the garden? Have I interacted with my loved ones in a positive way? Have I done something to help my community or helped those who help others in their communities?

The solutions really are simple.

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yellow daylily
Something Else

Just for Fun: A persistent lily

late day lily

This beautiful, fragile flower reminds me so much of squash blossoms. I am appreciating the delicate veins in the petals and the way it is folded and curled. But what is most lovely about the blossom is that this lily has kept on putting blooms out after (two weeks? three?) the other lilies stopped. It keeps reaching out to the sun. 

I find that hopeful and beautiful. 

How do you keep reaching for the sun and sharing your glorious nature? 

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GERC
Earth Care

What if?

It is late January. While walking around a consulting client’s property yesterday, I saw the early bulbs just beginning to peek up above the soil. In my own garden, spring herbs are already beginning to conservatively creep across the ground in the warmer, protected spots. Spring seeding is beginning to happen, and I know that the buds on the trees are beginning to change in the warmer periods. 

snow drops

Nature doesn’t have an on/off switch like our mechanical systems. There is resilience built in to the constant use of energy. Just so, I believe that most people have in the back of their minds and the depths of their heart a desire and a commitment to a beautiful, healthy, just world. The rush and stress are there—but beneath them is the courage and imagination to see a better world. 

At the Global Earth Repair Conference in Port Townsend, Washington last May, Precious Phiri gave a powerful keynote. Behind her, on a large screen was a hand-drawn image of an adult sharing with a child—and noting that in 2019, the world woke up and it all changed for the better. The sign said, “And then in 2019 everyone came together and fixed the climate even though it was hard. That was our finest hour.”  Until that moment, I was sensitive to the collective grief and worry and persistence of the 500 people gathered. That simple drawing raised the question: how did the world get better? How did we come together and heal the Earth? Each other? 

GERC

Seven months later, with Rob Hopkins’ book From What Is…to What If? in front of me, I recognize the same question and the same feeling of possibility. What if? 

What if?

I am exploring this question for myself…and I am very curious to hear what you are imagining, too. I look forward to the changes possible in the year ahead.

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Future Care, People Care

Facing the Day

[Note: This blog first appeared as the initial section of my editorial for Permaculture Design magazine’s November 2019 issue. In that issue, several authors spoke to this moment in time, the need for Earth Care, and the connection to People Care–two core permaculture design ethics. Readers appreciated the editorial, and so I thought I would share the beginning here.]

The times we live in are both a challenge and an opportunity. Both are presented with increasing urgency. As the year winds down, I have been evaluating and clarifying to which challenges and opportunities I can effectively contribute. Do I put effort into teaching and facilitating? Designing? Collaborative projects? The local community? Regional networks? More? Each of us has different skills and capacities cultivated through our own personal visions of a better world. From where I stand, our task is to align ourselves with each other in work which allows us to contribute fully and which improves the lives of others (human and non-human). That is not the message of mainstream, corporate-driven society. 

When I was a young activist, I noted that if we did not do something our grandchildren would suffer. When I had my first child in 2001, I recognized that if we didn’t do something, my child would suffer. When my second child was born, seven years later, I recognized that we are all suffering. My anger at older generations for creating and enjoying systems and privileges I would never realize abated. 

We live in a world desperately challenged by the systems which have held power and sway for decades. The pain and suffering of millions, the extinction of our species, and the degradation of our lands demand retrofits to not only our over-consumptive households, but to our communities and regional economies. This urgency is spurred on by fear of a chaotic future and the grief we might feel when we recognize the trajectory we are on. 

Those of us who are aware hold grief in one hand and hope in the other. It is not hope for our civilization based on extraction and power over, but hope for lives well-lived in service to each other, based on power with each other and the work of setting to right much of what has been out of balance. Resting in that vision, we have every reason to take urgent action to start where we are and do what we can. We are not waiting for those mired in old paradigms and willful denial. Nor, I think, are we perpetuating negativity. Our work is founded in something more life-affirming.

Frances Weller on grief
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